Photo: James Duncan Davidson
The publisher and editor of the South African edition of Stuff magazine, Toby Shapshak is here to challenge our perceptions of his home continent. First, he asks us, who bought a pay-as-you-go SIM card on arriving in Edinburgh? Hands wave. “You’re using African technology,” he says proudly. “‘Pay-as-you-go’ was an idea pioneered in Africa by Vodacom 15 years ago. Now, pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces of economic activity in the world.”
Shapshak shows us what he says is the obligatory satellite picture of the world at night; nations that have electricity glow with light. As we expect, Africa is distinctly unwired. “It’s the dark continent!” he says mockingly, before promptly subverting our preconceptions. “It’s a map of innovation. All the places with lots of electricity, innovation isn’t.” Why is that? If you have electricity, you’re watching television or playing Angry Birds. Big laughs and claps from the audience.
Photo: James Duncan Davidson
Innovation in Africa, he says, is real innovation. “People are solving real problems in Africa because we have to, because we have them. And when we solve real problems, we solve them for the rest of the world.”
Without naming the company, Shapshak talks about Square, the service that has “liberated the credit card from the point-of-sale terminal,” he says. “But why do you need a credit card?” He references M-Pesa, the African SMS service that works on pretty much every mobile phone to allow people to pay bills, buy groceries, send payments, even, he jokes, bribe customs officials. $25 million a day — and 40% of Kenya’s GDP — now passes through M-Pesa.
“I come from Johannesburg,” says Shapshak, an entirely comfortable figure on the TED stage, who is clearly enjoying his moment. “It’s a mining town built on gold. The gold of today is mobile.” He describes some other mobile-based services now at work in Africa, such as a SMS service that allows someone to check whether an expensive medication is legitimate or expired. [See a talk on this topic by Ashifi Gogo at TEDxBoston.] Then there’s iCow, to help farmers to look after their herds. “The difference between subsistence and abundance for a farmer is a couple of liters of milk a day,” says Shapshak. In other words, these aren’t frilly nice-to-have apps; such services make a real impact.
“But not only is mobile the gold of today,” Shapshak adds. “We are the gold. We are at the point China was at when its boom years began. And that’s where we are going. We hear the west talk about ‘innovation at the edge.’ Well, of course it’s happening at the edge. In the middle, people are too busy updating Facebook, or maybe trying to understand Facebook’s privacy settings.” The crowd is loving it.
“This is innovation ‘over the edge’,” he concludes. “People call Africa a ‘mobile-only’ continent, but actually it’s ‘mobile-first,'” and it’s a laboratory for innovating things we’ll all eventually end up using. There’s only one thing left to say. Shapshak doesn’t say it. Instead, a slide flashes up onscreen. It says simply “you’re welcome.”